1. Real ideas and authentic problems
2. Ideas improvable
3. Ideas diversity
4. Learner-centred and
Collaboration
5. Knowledge creation or advancement
An iterative and interactive process where designers
a. See what is there in some representation of problem- solving concepts/ideas,
b. Draw relations between ideas to solve the problem, and
c. View what has been draw as informing design efforts.
Do, E. Y-L., Gross, M. D. (2001). Thinking with diagrams in architectural design. Artificial Intelligence Review, 15, 135–149. doi:10.1023/A:100666152449710.1023/A:1006661524497
Nagai, Y., Noguchi, H. (2003). An experimental study on the design thinking process started from difficult keywords: Modeling the thinking process of creative design. Journal of Engineering Design, 14, 429–437. doi:10.1080/0954482031000160691110.1080/09544820310001606911